污水处理是处理水污染的重要过程。采用物理、生物、及化学的方法对工业废水和生活污水进行处理以分离水中的固体污染物并降低水中的有机污染物和富营养物（主要为氮、磷化合物），从而减轻污水对环境的污染。它的目标是生产环境安全的液体废物流（或经处理的污水）和固体废物（或污泥处理），适用于处理或再利用（通常为农场的肥料）。

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated effluent). A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge, that has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or land application.