And basically, there are primary reinforcers.
基本上，有初级强化物。
Primary reinforcer
原声例句
耶鲁大学公开课：心理学导论
耶鲁大学公开课：心理学导论
But in the real world when dealing with humans, but even when dealing with animals, we don't actually always use primary reinforcers or negative reinforcers.
但在现实世界中，与人类打交道时，甚至与动物打交道时，我们实际上并不总是使用初级强化物或负强化物。
英语百科
Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude (e.g., pulling a lever with greater force), or shorter latency (e.g., pulling a lever more quickly following the antecedent stimulus).
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