阿维菌素（英语：Avermectin）是一种十六元大环内酯衍生物，作为强力的驱虫药和杀虫剂使用。阿维菌素是一种天然化合物，由链霉菌（Streptomyces avermitilis）发酵产生，这是一种土壤放线菌。八个不同的阿维菌素被隔离在4对同源的化合物，具有一个主要的（a-成分）和次要（b-成分）成分，通常比率在80:20到90:10。其他从阿维菌素衍生的驱虫剂包括伊维菌素，Selamectin，多拉菌素和Abamectin。

2015年的诺贝尔医学奖授予了威廉·C·坎贝尔和大村智，以奖励他们对抗寄生虫感染新治疗发现作出的贡献，包括阿维菌素的研发。

The avermectins are a series of drugs used to treat parasitic worms. They are a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone derivatives with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. These naturally occurring compounds are generated as fermentation products by Streptomyces avermitilis, a soil actinomycete. Eight different avermectins were isolated in four pairs of homologue compounds, with a major (a-component) and minor (b-component) component usually in ratios of 80:20 to 90:10. Other anthelmintics derived from the avermectins include ivermectin, selamectin, doramectin, and abamectin.