前寒武纪（英语：Precambrian）是地质年代中，对于显生宙之前数个宙（eon）的非正式涵盖统称，原本正式的名称是隐生宙或隐生元（Cryptozoic eon），但后来拆分成冥古宙、太古宙与元古宙三个时代。开始于大约45亿年前的地球形成时期，结束于约5亿4200万年前，大量的肉眼可见的硬壳动物诞生之时。

尽管前寒武纪占了地球历史中大约八分之七的时间，但人们对这段时期的了解相当少。这是因为前寒武纪少有化石纪录，且其中多数的化石，如叠层石，只适合用来作生物地层学研究。此外，许多前寒武纪时期的岩石已经严重变质，使其起源变得晦涩不明。而其他的要不是已经腐蚀毁坏，就是还埋藏在显生宙地层底下。

The Precambrian or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, is the largest span of time in Earth's history before the current Phanerozoic Eon, and is a Supereon divided into several eons of the geologic time scale. It spans from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago (Ga) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, about 541 million years ago (Ma), when hard-shelled creatures first appeared in abundance. The Precambrian is so named because it precedes the Cambrian, the first period of the Phanerozoic Eon, which is named after Cambria, the classical name for Wales, where rocks from this age were first studied. The Precambrian accounts for 88% of geologic time.