普拉克里特诸语言（梵文：प्राकृतम्，英语：Prakrit），或称为古印度土语，是对10世纪之前印度使用的一系列印度-雅利安语支语言中的土语的统称。

“普拉克里特”一词在梵语中原意是“天然的”，引申为“俗语”，与上流社会的梵语相对。具体包括巴利语、摩揭陀俗语、马哈拉施特拉俗语（今日马拉地语、孔卡尼语、僧伽罗语和迪维西语的祖先）、索拉塞那语（旁遮普语的祖先）、阿波布兰沙语等等。

有些现代的语言学家将其归类到中古印度-雅利安语之下，并附注“Prakrits”。但被其他语言学家反对，他们强调这些语言的各自发展史，并将它们从梵语历史中分离。

A Prakrit (Sanskrit:prākṛta, Shauraseni:pāuda, Magadhi Prakrit:pāua) is any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages.

The Ardhamagadhi ("half-Magadhi") Prakrit, which was used extensively to write the scriptures of Jainism, is often considered to be the definitive form of Prakrit, while others are considered variants thereof. Prakrit grammarians would give the full grammar of Ardhamagadhi first, and then define the other grammars with relation to it. For this reason, courses teaching "Prakrit" are often regarded as teaching Ardhamagadhi. Pali, the Prakrit used in Theravada Buddhism, tends to be treated as a special exception from the variants of the Ardhamagadhi language, as Classical Sanskrit grammars do not consider it as a Prakrit per se, presumably for sectarian rather than linguistic reasons. Other Prakrits are reported in old historical sources but are not attested, such as Paiśācī.