It has a pore that passes potassium ions and calcium ions.

它有个开孔，能让钾离子和钙离子通过。

The potassium ion can't pass through the channel to tell your brain, " Hello, infusion of salty flavor! "

钾离子不能通过通道告诉你的大脑，“你好，咸味注入啦！”

Meanwhile, other neurons have ligand-gated receptors that open when the damaged skin tissue releases chemicals like histamine or potassium ions.

与此同时，当受损的皮肤组织释放组胺或钾离子等化学物质时，其他神经元具有配体门控受体。

To accomplish this, cells use a special ion transporter that exchanges the hydrogen ion for a potassium ion across the cell membrane.

为此，细胞运用特殊的离子转运体，跨细胞膜以1个钾离子交换1个氢离子。

Normally, electrocytes pump out sodium and potassium ions to maintain a positive charge outside and negative charge inside.

正常情况下，电细胞泵出钠离子和钾离子以维持外部正电荷和内部负电荷。

In most cells, the action potential starts with the resting potential, which the cell maintains by pumping sodium ions out and potassium ions in, Right?

在大多数细胞中，动作电位是从静息电位开始的，静息电位是细胞通过泵送钠离子和泵送钾离子来维持的，对吗？

Transmembrane proteins stretch across the bilayer to create channels that allow specific molecules through, like sodium and potassium ions.

跨膜蛋白伸展穿过双层以创建允许特定分子通过的通道，例如钠离子和钾离子。

To accomplish this, cells use a complex series of multiple ion channels, exchangers, and pumps to exchange hydrogen ions for potassium ions across the cell membrane.

为完成这一步骤，细胞利用了一种特殊的离子转运体，在细胞膜两侧进行氢离子和钾离子的交换。

So in order to help compensate for an alkalosis, hydrogen ions leave cells and potassium ions enter the cells and leave the blood, resulting in hypokalemia.

所以，为了帮助碱中毒的代偿，氢离子离开细胞，而钾离子离开血液、进入细胞，导致低钾血症。

Keep in mind that these potassium ions carry a charge, so the difference in concentration also leads to a difference in charge, which establishes an overall electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.

别忘了钾离子还带有一个电荷，所以不同浓度的钾离子会有不同的电荷量，这会建立全面跨细胞膜的电化学梯度。

Keep in mind that potassium ions carry a charge, so the difference in concentration also leads to a difference in charge - establishing an overall electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.

钾离子携带一个电荷，因此浓度的差异也导致了电荷的差异，建立了全面跨细胞膜的电化学梯度。

So in order to help compensate for an acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells and potassium ions leave the cells and enter the blood, which might help with the acidosis, but results in hyperkalemia.

所以为了代偿酸中毒，氢离子被移入细胞内，而钾离子被移出细胞而进入血中，这一机制缓解了酸中毒，但却导致了高钾血症。

Similarly, when there's a metabolic acidosis from excess organic acids like lactic acid and ketoacids, protons can enter cells with the organic anion rather than having to get exchanged for potassium ions.

相同地，当有机酸如乳酸和酮酸过多，产生代谢性酸中毒时，质子会和有机阴离子一起进入细胞，而不是同钾离子交换。

This balance is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which pumps 2 potassium ions in for every 3 sodium ions out, as well as potassium leak channels and inward rectifier channels that are scattered throughout the membrane.

这一平衡由钠-钾离子泵维持，它每泵入2个钾离子时，会泵出3个钠离子，此外还有贯通细胞层的钾泄露通道和整流通道。