Beginning in the late 19th century, researchers hypothesized that cognitive abilities like verbal reasoning, working memory, and visual-spatial skills reflected an underlying general intelligence, or g factor.

从 19 世纪后期开始，研究人员假设认知能力，如表述推理、工作记忆、视觉空间技能等能力反映了潜在的智力，或一般智力因素 (g 因素）。