在电磁学里，电荷（electric charge）是物质的一种物理性质。称带有电荷的物质为「带电物质」。两个带电物质之间会互相施加作用力于对方，也会感受到对方施加的作用力，所涉及的作用力遵守库仑定律。电荷分为两种，「正电荷」与「负电荷」。带有正电荷的物质称为「带正电」；带有负电荷的物质称为「带负电」。假若两个物质都带有正电或都带有负电，则称这两个物质「同电性」，否则称这两个物质「异电性」。两个同电性物质会相互感受到对方施加的排斥力；两个异电性物质会相互感受到对方施加的吸引力。

电荷是许多次原子粒子所拥有的一种基本守恒性质。称带有电荷的粒子为「带电粒子」。电荷决定了带电粒子在电磁方面的物理行为。静止的带电粒子会产生电场，移动中的带电粒子会产生电磁场，带电粒子也会被电磁场所影响。一个带电粒子与电磁场之间的相互作用称为电磁力或电磁交互作用。这是四种基本交互作用中的一种。

Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Like charges repel and unlike attract. An object (one not made of antimatter) is negatively charged if it has an excess of electrons, and is otherwise positively charged or uncharged. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). In electrical engineering, it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah), and, in chemistry, it is common to use the elementary charge (e) as a unit. The symbol Q often denotes charge. Early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still accurate for problems that don't require consideration of quantum effects.