体染色体又称常染色体，是指染色体组中除性染色体之外的染色体。例如人类的23对染色体中，有22对是常染色体，余下的一对是X染色体和/或Y染色体组成的性染色体。

An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome). Autosomes appear in pairs whose members have the same form but differ from other pairs in a diploid cell, whereas members of an allosome pair may differ from one another and thereby determine sex. The DNA in autosomes is collectively known as atDNA or auDNA.