本都（希腊语：Πόντος），古代小亚细亚北部的一个地区，在黑海南岸。

公元前302年，米特里达梯一世在亚历山大大帝死后的一片混乱中创建了本都王国。米特里达梯一世是安提柯一世的一位重要波斯部将之子。其后，本都王国由一系列同名国王统治，直至公元前63年被古罗马军事家格奈乌斯·庞培攻陷，被吞并为罗马帝国的一个行省。本都一度是小亚细亚最强大的王国，其疆域囊括黑海东岸的科尔基斯和凡湖一带的小亚美尼亚。

本都先后由罗马帝国、拜占庭帝国和鄂图曼帝国统治。在鄂图曼统治时期（1461－1923年），部分本都希腊人在早期被伊斯兰化和突厥化，部分在晚期遭到种族灭绝和被逐离，还有部分在1923年希腊与土耳其人口交换中回到希腊。今天本都大部分属于土耳其黑海地区，小部分位于黑海东岸的土地属于格鲁吉亚。

Pontus (/ˈpɒntəs/; Greek:Πόντος, "sea") is a historical Greek designation for a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in modern-day eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The name was applied to the coastal region and its mountainous hinterland (rising to the Pontic Alps in the east) in antiquity by the Greeks who colonized the area and derived from the Greek name of the Black Sea: Πόντος Εὔξεινος Pontos Euxeinos ("Hospitable Sea"), or simply Pontos. Having originally no specific name, the region east of the river Halys was spoken of as the country Ἐν Πόντῳ En Pontōi, "on the [Euxeinos] Pontos", and hence it acquired the name of Pontus, which is first found in Xenophon's Anabasis. The extent of the region varied through the ages but generally extended from the borders of Colchis (modern Georgia) until well into Paphlagonia in the west, with varying amounts of hinterland. Several states and provinces bearing the name of Pontus or variants thereof were established in the region in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, culminating in the late Byzantine Empire of Trebizond. Pontus is sometimes considered as the home of the Amazons, with the name Amazon used not only for a city (Amasya) but for all of Pontus in Greek mythology.