多神论（英语：polytheism），相对于一神论而言，指信仰和崇拜许多（复数）神的宗教，典型代表为印度教和古希腊宗教。中国的道教、日本的神道、非洲的伏都教和新兴的威卡教都被认为是多神论的宗教。佛教的信徒大多数认为佛教不是多神论的宗教，因为佛教中没有神的概念。宗教学则认为佛教属于多神教。基督教虽然有三位一体之说，但是还是属于一神论的宗教。跟一神论不同，多神论是内容（信仰体系中有众多神），而非教条本身（要求信仰独一真神，视为宗教义务）。

多神论宗教的信徒相信有许多位神（灵）的存在，尽管可能在一定时间内或某种场合只会拜一位神。

Polytheism is the worship of or belief in multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals. In most religions which accept polytheism, the different gods and goddesses are representations of forces of nature or ancestral principles, and can be viewed either as autonomous or as aspects or emanations of a creator God or transcendental absolute principle (monistic theologies), which manifests immanently in nature (panentheistic and pantheistic theologies).