聚酮（英语：Polyketides）是一类由细菌、真菌、植物与动物所生产出来的次级代谢产物，这类物质对生物的发育生长而言非必要，但可用于防卫或细胞间的沟通。

聚酮是源自乙酰基（acetyl）与丙酰基（propionyl）的聚合。可能的作用有抗生素、抗真菌素、细胞稳定（cytostatic）或天然杀虫剂等。具有商业价值。

Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites produced by certain living organisms in order to impart to them some survival advantage. Many mycotoxins produced by fungi are polyketides.

Structurally, polyketides are complex organic compounds that are often highly active biologically. Many pharmaceuticals are derived from or inspired by polyketides.