James Bryce, an observant English scholar and man of affairs, in his great work, The American Commonwealth, published in 1888, by picturing fearlessly the political rings and machines which dominated the cities, gave the whole country a fresh shock.

詹姆斯·布赖斯， 一位敏锐的英国学者和实干家，在他 1888 年出版的巨著《美利坚合众国》中， 无所畏惧地描绘了统治城市的政治集团和机器，给整个国家带来了新的震撼。