政治地理学为研究人类社会政治现象的空间分布与地理环境关系之一学科，其着重分析政治区域之结构及功能与政治区域之间的相互关系，为人文地理学及政治学之一学科分支。

政治地理学可以追溯到亚里士多德的《政治学》和孟德斯鸠的《论法的精神》。早期主要研究地理环境和气候因素对政治制度和人的政治行为的影响。19世纪以后转为研究地缘政治、国家的领土、疆界、首都、行政区划、海外属地等政治现象及国际政治关系格局与发展变化趋势等。

政治地理也探讨选举在不同区域中的政党倾向、支持候选人倾向的差异及其原因。

Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. Conventionally political geography adopts a three-scale structure for the purposes of analysis with the study of the state at the centre, above this is the study of international relations (or geopolitics), and below it is the study of localities. The primary concerns of the sub-discipline can be summarised as the inter-relationships between people, state, and territory.