金权政治（英语：Plutocracy），政治学名词，意思以财富或经济力量来进行统治行为。如果是以金权来进行寡头统治，则称为财阀政治（plutarchy）。

金权政治（Plutocracy）的英文本根，来自古希腊语：πλουτοκρατία（ploutokratia）。它由两个字根组成，古希腊语：πλοῦτος（ploutos），意思为财富，以及古希腊语：κράτος（kratos），意思为统治，或是政权。它最早由亚里斯多德提出。

Plutocracy (fromGreekπλοῦτος, ploutos, meaning "wealth",andκράτος, kratos, meaning "power, dominion, rule") or plutarchy, is a form of oligarchy and defines a society ruled or controlled by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens. The first known use of the term was in 1652. Unlike systems such as democracy, capitalism, socialism or anarchism, plutocracy is not rooted in an established political philosophy. The concept of plutocracy may be advocated by the wealthy classes of a society in an indirect or surreptitious fashion, though the term itself is almost always used in a pejorative sense.