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单词 Plinian eruptions
释义

Plinian eruptions

中文百科

普林尼式火山喷发 Plinian eruption

(重定向自Plinian eruptions)
普林尼式火山喷发的解构图:(1) 火山灰柱;(2) 岩浆信道;(3) 火山灰雨;(4) 熔岩及火山灰层;(5) 地层;及(6) 岩浆房
小普林尼以意大利松来描述普林尼式火山喷发。
1822年艺术家描绘的79年维苏威火山喷发。

普林尼式火山喷发,又名维苏威式火山喷发,是火山喷发的一种,特征像79年的维苏威火山喷发。老普林尼在此次喷发中葬身,小普林尼纪录描述喷发。普林尼式火山喷发特征是喷射到平流层的火山气体及火山灰。最特别的是喷发大量的浮岩及非常剧烈的气体爆发。

短暂的喷发可以在一天内完结,但也可以长达数日,甚至数月。较长时间的喷发最初是灰云的生成,有时会连同火山碎屑流。可以喷出大量岩浆令火山口崩塌,形成破火山口。细灰可以覆盖很大面积。普林尼式火山喷发一般会有很大的声响,就如喀拉喀托火山喷发时一样。

熔岩一般都是流纹岩及有丰富的硅酸盐。普林尼式火山喷发很少会有玄武岩熔岩,而最近一次有玄武岩熔岩的是1886年的塔拉威拉山喷发。

英语百科

Plinian eruption 普林尼式火山喷发

(重定向自Plinian eruptions)
1822 artist's impression of the eruption of Vesuvius, depicting what the 79 CE eruption may have looked like, by the English geologist George Julius Poulett Scrope
Plinian eruption: 1: ash plume, 2: magma conduit, 3: volcanic ash rain, 4: layers of lava and ash, 5: stratum, 6: magma chamber
A Stone Pine, the type of tree used by Pliny to describe the eruption.
April 21, 1990 eruption cloud from Redoubt Volcano as viewed to the west from the Kenai Peninsula

Plinian eruptions, also known as Vesuvian eruptions, are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. The eruption was described in a letter written by Pliny the Younger; it killed his uncle, Pliny the Elder.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 6:01:55