第四纪冰河时期, 也称作“第四纪冰期”、“第四纪大冰期”、“第四纪冰河期”、“第四纪冰川期”、“更新世冰川期”、“当前冰河时期”、“末次冰河时期”，是指从258万年前到现在的地球气候时段。在此期间，南极大陆与格陵兰岛形成了永久性的冰盖，欧亚大陆北部与北美的北部也出现了面积广大的大陆冰盖，并在世界各处高纬度或高海拔地区广泛出现了山岳冰川。此次冰河时期的主要效果是大陆上的冰川侵蚀与沉积，改变了河流系统的走向，产生了数百万湖泊，改变了海平面的高程，在远离冰川边缘的地方发育了雨成湖，地壳均衡。影响到海洋、洪水、生物物种。

Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation or the current ice age, refers to a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present. During this period, ice sheets expanded, notably from out of Antarctica and Greenland, and fluctuating ice sheets occurred elsewhere (for example, the Laurentide ice sheet). The major effects of the ice age are erosion and deposition of material over large parts of the continents, modification of river systems, creation of millions of lakes, changes in sea level, development of pluvial lakes far from the ice margins, isostatic adjustment of the crust, and abnormal winds. It affects oceans, flooding, and biological communities. The ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo, effect a major feedback on climate cooling.