自动重传请求（Automatic Repeat-reQuest，ARQ）是OSI模型中数据链路层和传输层的错误纠正协议之一。它通过使用确认和超时这两个机制，在不可靠服务的基础上实现可靠的信息传输。如果发送方在发送后一段时间之内没有收到确认帧，它通常会重新发送。ARQ可能包括停止等待ARQ协议和连续ARQ协议，错误检测（Error Detection）、正面确认（Positive Acknowledgment）、超时重传（Retransmission after Timeout）和 负面确认及重传（Negative Acknowledgment and Retransmission）等机制。

Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), also known as Automatic Repeat Query, is an error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver indicating that it has correctly received a data frame or packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed to elapse before an acknowledgment is to be received) to achieve reliable data transmission over an unreliable service. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment before the timeout, it usually re-transmits the frame/packet until the sender receives an acknowledgment or exceeds a predefined number of re-transmissions .