针孔相机（英语：Pinhole camera）是一种没有镜头的相机，取代镜头的是一个小孔，称为针孔。利用针孔成像原理，产生倒立的影像。

针孔相机的结构相对简单，由不透光的容器、感光材料和针孔片组成。其中，感光材料可以是底片，也可以是相纸。为了控制曝光，还要有快门结构，通常是简单的活门。

另外，由于进光量少，用针孔相机拍照，需要较长的曝光时间。曝光时间由数秒至数十分钟不等，通常把相机安装在三脚架上，或把相机放在稳固的地方。

一些艺术家利用针孔相机进行创作。例如，芬兰艺术家Tarja Trygg以针孔相机，拍摄日照轨迹（Solargraphy），曝光时间长达6个月。

A pinhole camera, a variation of Camera obscura, is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture, a pinhole – effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box. Exposures can typically range from five seconds up to as much as several hours. The effect was noted in the 5th century BC in China and has been refined over the centuries.