啄木鸟科（学名：Picidae），在鸟类传统分类系统中是鸟纲䴕形目中的一个科。

啄木鸟科概为树栖攀禽，体型小到中等，具有对趾型足（第二、三两趾向前，第一、四两趾向后）。啄木鸟有着强直尖锐的喙，可用以凿开树皮；啄木鸟的舌自头骨后绕过，从鼻孔达到喙尖，这种特化结构可使舌伸出很长，并能伸缩，尖端列生短钩，适于钩食树木内蛀虫；尾羽呈楔形，羽轴粗硬，啄木时支撑身体。 大部分的啄木鸟是各国造林人或是林务单位的最佳帮手，因啄木鸟会将危害树木的害虫如天牛、白蚁等抓出后吃掉，故又被称作是｢树木医师｣。

The woodpeckers are part of the Picidae family, a group of near-passerine birds that also consist of piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions. Most species live in forests or woodland habitats, although a few species are known to live in treeless areas, such as rocky hillsides and deserts.