抹香鲸科（学名：Physeteridae）是齿鲸亚目中的一个科，共有抹香鲸、小抹香鲸和拟抹香鲸三个物种，其中由抹香鲸分布最广，也最为著名。

除著名的抹香鲸外这个科还有两个比较不知名的、体形较小的种。

所有三个种都有鲸腊器官、都只有一个喷气孔，而且这个气孔都位于头部的左侧、其牙齿都只位于下颚。除此以外这三个种的形态（尤其其大小）差别非常大，以至于有些动物学家认为那两个比较小的种自成一属。

假如分子遗传学的研究证明抹香鲸科的动物与须鲸亚目的动物比其它齿鲸亚目的动物更加接近的话，那幺这个科在鲸目中的分类将会改变。

Physeteroidea is a superfamily that, today, includes three extant species of whales; the sperm whale, in the genus Physeter, and the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale, in the genus Kogia. In the past, these genera have sometimes been united in a single family, the Physeteridae, with the two Kogia species in a subfamily (Kogiinae); however, recent practice is to allocate the genus Kogia to its own family, the Kogiidae, leaving the Physeteridae as a monotypic (single extant species) family, although additional fossil representatives of both families are known.