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单词 Philippine Revolution
释义

Philippine Revolution

中文百科

菲律宾革命

菲律宾革命(1896年–1898年,西班牙人称为他加禄战争),是菲律宾人民为争取脱离西班牙帝国而和西班牙殖民者进行的一场战争。革命始于1896年8月,西班牙政府发现一个反殖民地的秘密组织,由安德烈.博尼法西奥(Andrés Bonifacio)领导的卡蒂普南(Katipunan)。作为解放运动组织,卡蒂普南希望透过武力反抗西班牙殖民政府而创建一个独立的菲律宾,并逐渐影响菲律宾人民。在加洛坎市(Caloocan)的大型集会后,卡蒂普南的领导者组织革命政府,称为他加禄共和国(Tagalog Republic),并宣布全国发动武装革命。博尼法西奥号召人民攻击菲律宾首都马尼拉的行动虽然失败,但周围的城市却开始反抗殖民政府,尤其由马里亚诺·阿尔瓦雷斯(Mariano álvarez)及埃米利奥·阿奎纳多(Emilio Aguinaldo)领导的甲米地省叛乱早期更取得胜利。随着博尼法西奥于1897年逝世,阿奎纳多在一系列的权力斗争下取得胜利,取得革命政府的控制权。同年,革命党人与西班牙政府签定破石洞条约(the Pact of Biak-na-Bato),双方暂时停止敌对状态,阿奎纳多随即逃亡至香港。然而,敌对状态从未减低。

英语百科

Philippine Revolution 菲律宾革命

Map of the Philippines at the end of the 19th century.
A sketch of a Spanish galleon during Manila-Acapulco Trade.

The Philippine Revolution (called the Tagalog War by the Spanish) (Filipino: Himagsikang Pilipino) was fought between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities.

The Philippine Revolution began in August 1896, when the Spanish authorities discovered Katipunan, an anti-colonial secret organization. The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, was a liberationist movement whose goal was independence from Spain through armed revolt. The organization began to influence much of the Philippines. During a mass gathering in Caloocan, the leaders of Katipunan organized themselves into a revolutionary government, named the newly established government "Haring Bayang Katagalugan", and openly declared a nationwide armed revolution. Bonifacio called for an attack on the capital city of Manila. This attack failed; however, the surrounding provinces began to revolt. In particular, rebels in Cavite led by Mariano Alvarez and Emilio Aguinaldo (who were from two different factions of Katipunan) won early victories. A power struggle among the revolutionaries led to Bonifacio's death in 1897, with command shifting to Aguinaldo, who led his own revolutionary government. That year, the revolutionaries and the Spanish signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which temporarily reduced hostilities. Aguinaldo self-exiled himself to Hong Kong. However, the hostilities never completely ceased.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 12:26:28