物理和工程领域中，常会使用到正弦信号（例如交流电路的分析），这时可以使用矢量来简化分析。相量（英语：Phasor）是振幅（A）、相位（θ）和频率（ω）均为时不变的正弦波的一个复数，是更一般的概念解析表示法的一个特例。而将正弦信号用复数表示后进行电路分析的方法称为相量法，而在相量图中利用矢量表示正弦交流电的图解法称为矢量图法。相量法可以将这几个参数的相互依赖性降低，使这3个参数相互独立，这样就能简化特定的计算。Phasor是Phase Vector的混成词。Phasor也被称作复振幅，在比较古老的英文工程文献当中，也常被写作sinor，甚至写作complexor。

In physics and engineering, a phasor (a portmanteau of phase vector), is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude (A), angular frequency (ω), and initial phase (θ) are time-invariant. It is related to a more general concept called analytic representation, which decomposes a sinusoid into the product of a complex constant and a factor that encapsulates the frequency and time dependence. The complex constant, which encapsulates amplitude and phase dependence, is known as phasor, complex amplitude, and (in older texts) sinor or even complexor.