药物基因组学（英语：Pharmacogenomics），又称基因组药物学或基因组药理学，是药理学的一个分支，定义为在基因组学的基础上，通过将基因表达或单核苷酸的多态性与药物的疗效或毒性联系起来，研究药物如何由于遗传变异而产生不同的作用 。药物基因组学根据患者的基因型来保证最大疗效的同时将不良反应降到最低，用于探索合理的方法来优化药物治疗方案。这样的方法使得“个体化治疗（personalized medicine）”出现，可以根据每个人独特的基因组成来制定最佳的药物或合并用药治疗方案。

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.