进行性神经性腓骨肌萎缩症，即（Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease、C-M-T，又称腓骨肌萎缩症），是以三位最早发现此病的法国研究者的姓氏共同命名的。其主要表现是双腿渐进性无力，患者发病年龄一般在二十到四十岁之间，是一种罕见的遗传疾病。DNA检测问世以前，腓骨肌萎缩症只能通过临床症状诊断，因为无法早期诊断，在医学教科书或者医学刊物中所讨论的病例都是很严重的类型。目前可以通过DNA检测技术进行CMT的早期诊断。一旦检测结果呈阳性，证明有基因缺陷，即使没有表征的症状，也应马上调整自己的生活，而不至于功能透支，引病上身。

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), also known as Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy and peroneal muscular atrophy is one of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, a group of varied inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system characterised by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body. Currently incurable, this disease is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder, and affects approximately 1 in 2,500 people. CMT was previously classified as a subtype of muscular dystrophy.