Pericardial effusions typically lead to low QRS voltages or electrical alternans, and can be seen on an echocardiograph.

心包积液常显示QRS低电压或电交替现象；超声心动图也可做出诊断。

Now, a pericardial effusion can also develop.

此时心包积液也可能发生。

There are a few ways to diagnose pericarditis and pericardial effusions.

诊断心包炎和心包积液的方法如下。

If there's a severe pericardial effusion, a pericardiocentesis can be done by inserting a needle into the pericardial cavity and draining the excess fluid.

严重心包积液可行心包穿刺，即借助穿刺针刺入心包腔，吸除多余积液。

When the pericardium is involved, it often leads to pericarditis —inflammation of the pericardium— and pericardial effusion, an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity.

当转移到心包时，通常会导致心包炎，即心包被感染引起的炎症，并引起心包积液，即在心包腔内积聚液体。

Larger pericardial effusions, those over 100ml of fluid, can cause diminished heart sounds, and can even diminish cardiac output leading to shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.

超过100毫升的大量心包积液可使心音减弱，甚至会降低心输出量，导致呼吸困难、低血压与头晕。

On an echocardiogram, a pericardial effusion makes the heart look like it's dancing within the pericardium, whereas chronic pericarditis shows the stiff serous pericardium restricting the heart's movement.

超声心动图下，心包积液致使心脏如同在心包腔内“舞蹈”；而慢性心包炎表现为增厚的心包限制心脏活动。

On an X-ray of a heart with a large pericardial effusion, you can see a silhouette that pools to the bottom of the heart and gives a classic " water bottle" sign.

大量心包积液的X线平片，可见心影增大，覆盖心脏底部，呈现典型的烧瓶状。