《佩列亚斯拉夫尔条约》（俄语：Переяславская рада，乌克兰语：Переяславська рада），是俄罗斯与乌克兰（「小俄罗斯」）两国结盟时在1654年签订的条约。哥萨克酋长国是17世纪是乌克兰中部地区的乌克兰国家前身的雏型，当地曾经是基辅罗斯的领土，在基辅罗斯受蒙古入侵而灭亡后分裂成几个部份；东北部罗斯成为残余的弗拉基米尔-苏兹达尔大公国和继承国莫斯科公国，而西部罗斯成为残余的加利西亚－沃里尼亚王国后来被波兰立陶宛联邦并吞而灭亡，南部地区被蒙古金帐汗国并吞，在蒙古消亡后又有鄂图曼土耳其的势力，在17世纪赫梅尔尼茨基起义后乌克兰中部的盖特曼政权以及哥萨克人和哥萨克酋长国拒绝接受波兰贵族的控制。波兰强迫西乌克兰改信天主教，因此乌克兰经常与波兰联邦发生冲突，西部乌克兰的利维夫等地最终被并吞成为小波兰的一部份，而南部边界又被当时强大的奥图曼土耳其侵犯，中部乌克兰的盖特曼政权要求改为加入文化相同的俄罗斯基督教东正教派，最终哥萨克议会于1654年在佩列亚斯拉夫－赫梅利尼茨基（Переяслав Хмельницький）城市与莫斯科沙皇签订通过《佩列亚斯拉夫条约》两国结盟共谈抵抗波兰的入侵，乌克兰加入莫斯科公国效忠俄罗斯沙皇，此后300多年乌克兰的文化逐渐和俄罗斯统一。

The Pereyaslav Agreement, also known as the Treaty of Pereyaslav, was an act undertaken by the Council (rada) of Pereyaslav (Russian:Переяславская рада) convened in the town of Pereyaslav (now Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in central Ukraine) in January 1654 on the initiative of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky to address the issue of the rebellious Cossack Hetmanate, at the time a vassal state in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, securing the military protection from the Tsardom of Russia in exchange for allegiance to the Tsar. The Council was attended by a delegation from Moscow headed by Vasiliy Buturlin. The event was soon thereafter followed by the adoption in Moscow of the so-called March Articles that stipulated an autonomous status of the Hetmanate within the Russian state. The agreement precipitated the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). The definitive legal settlement was effected under the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 concluded by Russia and Poland that re-affirmed Russia′s sovereignty over the lands of Zaporizhian Sich as well as the city of Kiev.