Per ardua ad astra




- Other mottos/phrases also incorporate the Latin "ad astra". See the article ad astra (phrase).
Per ardua ad astra ("Through adversity to the stars" or "Through struggle to the stars") is the motto of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces such as the RAAF, RCAF, RNZAF, and the SAAF. It dates from 1912 and was used by the newly formed Royal Flying Corps.