瓦特·泰勒农民起义（英语称Peasants' Revolt（“农民反抗”）、Wat Tyler's Rebellion（“瓦特·泰勒叛乱”）、或Great Rising（“大起义”））是1381年发生的、英格兰历史上最大规模的民众暴动，也是欧洲中世纪后期民变浪潮的一个组成。虽然这次起义以失败告终，但被后世视为中世纪英格兰农奴制开始走向终结的标志，并使英格兰上层统治阶级更加认识到下层民众的苦难和对现行封建制度进行改革的迫切性。起义的一些领导者，如约翰·鲍尔、瓦特·泰勒、杰克斯·特劳在大众文化中广为人知。

The Peasants' Revolt, also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381. The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London. The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on 30 May 1381. His attempts to collect unpaid poll taxes in Brentwood ended in a violent confrontation, which rapidly spread across the south-east of the country. A wide spectrum of rural society, including many local artisans and village officials, rose up in protest, burning court records and opening the local gaols. The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to the system of unfree labour known as serfdom and the removal of the King's senior officials and law courts.