模式识别（英语：Pattern recognition），就是通过计算机用数学技术方法来研究模式的自动处理和判读。我们把环境与客体统称为“模式”。随着计算机技术的发展，人类有可能研究复杂的信息处理过程。信息处理过程的一个重要形式是生命体对环境及客体的识别。对人类来说，特别重要的是对光学信息（通过视觉器官来获得）和声学信息（通过听觉器官来获得）的识别。这是模式识别的两个重要方面。市场上可见到的代表性产品有光学字符识别（Optical Character Recognition, OCR）、语音识别系统。

Pattern recognition is a branch of machine learning that focuses on the recognition of patterns and regularities in data, although it is in some cases considered to be nearly synonymous with machine learning. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled "training" data (supervised learning), but when no labeled data are available other algorithms can be used to discover previously unknown patterns (unsupervised learning).