俄歇电子能谱学（Auger electron spectroscopy，简称AES），是一种表面科学和材料科学的分析技术。因此技术主要借由俄歇效应进行分析而命名之。这种效应系产生于受激发的原子的外层电子跳至低能阶所放出的能量被其他外层电子吸收而使后者逃脱离开原子，这一连串事件称为俄歇效应，而逃脱出来的电子称为俄歇电子。1953年，俄歇电子能谱逐渐开始被实际应用于鉴定样品表面的化学性质及组成的分析。其特点在俄歇电子来自浅层表面，仅带出表面的信息，并且其能谱的能量位置固定，容易分析。

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced [oʒe] in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science. Underlying the spectroscopic technique is the Auger effect, as it has come to be called, which is based on the analysis of energetic electrons emitted from an excited atom after a series of internal relaxation events. The Auger effect was discovered independently by both Lise Meitner and Pierre Auger in the 1920s. Though the discovery was made by Meitner and initially reported in the journal Zeitschrift für Physik in 1922, Auger is credited with the discovery in most of the scientific community. Until the early 1950s Auger transitions were considered nuisance effects by spectroscopists, not containing much relevant material information, but studied so as to explain anomalies in x-ray spectroscopy data. Since 1953 however, AES has become a practical and straightforward characterization technique for probing chemical and compositional surface environments and has found applications in metallurgy, gas-phase chemistry, and throughout the microelectronics industry.