俄歇效应(Auger)是原子发射的一个电子导致另一个电子被发射出来的物理现象。

当一个处于内层电子被移除后，留下一个空位，高能级的电子就会填补这个空位，同时释放能量。通常能量以发射光子的形式释放，但也可以通过发射原子中的一个电子来释放。第二个被发射的电子叫做俄歇电子。

被发射时，俄歇电子的动能等于第一次电子跃迁的能量与俄歇电子的离子能之间的能差。这些能级的大小取决于原子类型和原子所处的化学环境。俄歇电子谱，是用X射线或高能电子束来产生俄歇电子，测量其强度和能量的关系而得到的谱线。其结果可以用来识别原子及其原子周围的环境。

The Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom. When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an electron from a higher energy level may fall into the vacancy, resulting in a release of energy. Although most often this energy is released in the form of an emitted photon, the energy can also be transferred to another electron, which is ejected from the atom. This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron, after one of its discoverers, Pierre Victor Auger.