路易·巴斯德（法语：Louis Pasteur，1822年12月27日－1895年9月28日），法国微生物学家、化学家，微生物学的奠基人之一以否定自然发生说（自生说）及倡导疾病细菌学说（胚种学说）和发明预防接种方法而闻名，为第一个创造狂犬病和炭疽的疫苗的科学家。被世人称颂为 “进入科学王国的最完美无缺的人”。他和费迪南德·科恩以及罗伯特·科赫一起开创了细菌学，被认为是微生物学的奠基者之一，常被称为“微生物学之父”。

2005年，法国国家二台举行了“最伟大的法国人”的评选活动，结果巴斯德名列第二位，仅次于夏尔·戴高乐。

Louis Pasteur (/ˈluːi pæˈstɜːr/, French: [lwi pastœʁ]; December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases, and his discoveries have saved countless lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. He is best known to the general public for his invention of the technique of treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process now called pasteurization. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of bacteriology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch, and is popularly known as the "father of microbiology".