Paropamisadae

Paropamisadae (/ˌpæroʊˌpæmᵻˈseɪˌdiː/; Greek:Παροπαμισάδαι) is the Bactrian pronunciation of the Old Persian word Para-upari-sena (i.e. "beyond the raised land"), which was then hellenized by the Greeks to Paropamisus (/ˌpæroʊˈpæmᵻsəs/; Greek:Παροπαμισσός) and is the old Iranian word for the district of Gandhara in western Pakistan, centered upon the cities of Peshawar and Charsadda. Upari-Sena (I.e "raised lands"), in Old Persian, refers to the Hindu-Kush mountains. Para-upari-sena (I.e "beyond the raised lands"), refers to the Peshawar Valley which is situated immediately beyond these mountains and is the location of Gandhara.