Ok, now let's have a quick look at parathyroid hormone.

好，来看甲状旁腺的功能。

This affects the amount of parathyroid hormone that gets released by the parathyroid gland.

这从而会影响甲状旁腺释放甲状旁腺激素的量。

If osteoporosis is really advanced, teriparatide, a recombinant parathyroid hormone can be used.

如果骨质疏松十分严重，可以使用特立帕肽这种重组甲状旁腺激素治疗。

Additionally, parathyroid hormone can boost 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity, which forms more active vitamin D, increasing gut absorption of calcium.

此外，甲状旁腺激素可以增加1-α-羟化酶的活性，从而形成更多有活性的维生素D，增加肠道对钙的吸收。

It turns out, though, that parathyroid hormone also shuts this down.

不过，事实证明甲状旁腺激素也会阻止这种反应。

To identify the cause, lab tests are typically done, which includes tests for parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, albumin, phosphorus, and magnesium.

为了确定病因，通常要做实验室检查，其中包括甲状旁腺激素、维生素D、白蛋白、磷和镁的检测。

Now, that calcium's still in the lumen, but parathyroid hormone also affects the distal convoluted tubule and increases calcium reabsorption.

这时，钙仍然在腔内，但甲状旁腺激素也会影响远曲小管，增加对钙的再吸收。

Lastly, parathyroid hormone increases calcium reabsorption and reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from the kidneys, so more phosphate is excreted through the urine.

最后，甲状旁腺激素可以促进肾脏对钙的重吸收，而减少对磷酸盐的重吸收，因此导致尿磷升高。

Now, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the bone, but also in the blood, are regulated by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, or PTH.

钙和磷不仅存在于骨中，也存在于血液中，钙磷含量的调节受维生素D和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）调控。

As calcium levels in the blood fall, parathyroid hormone is released, causing the bones to lose calcium.

随着血钙降低，甲状旁腺激素释放，导致溶骨作用。