This affects the amount of parathyroid hormone that gets released by the parathyroid gland.

这从而会影响甲状旁腺释放甲状旁腺激素的量。

PTH is produced in the parathyroid gland, while calcitriol is made in the kidney.

甲状旁腺产生甲状旁腺激素，肾脏产生骨化三醇。

The parathyroid glands are four masses of tissue, two embedded posterior in each lateral mass of the thyroid gland.

3。甲状旁腺有四个组织块，成对地嵌在甲状腺每个侧叶的后部。

The most common cause of hypocalcemia is PTH deficiency, resulting from decreased function of the parathyroid glands or hypoparathyroidism.

低钙血症最常见的原因是甲状旁腺功能降低或甲状旁腺功能低下引起的PTH缺乏。

Also, people with the genetic disease DiGeorge syndrome, often born with parathyroid glands that are too small and can't produce enough parathyroid hormone.

或是由于患有DiGeorge综合症，生来甲状旁腺就太小，不能产生足够的甲状旁腺激素。

Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands in response to low serum calcium, and it increases bone resorption to release calcium into the bloodstream.

顾名思义，甲状旁腺激素在甲状旁腺产生，来应对血清中过低的钙水平，从而增加骨质的吸收来释放更多的钙进入血液。

If calcium levels fall, the four parathyroid glands buried within the thyroid gland release parathyroid hormone which frees up both calcium and phosphate ions from the bones.

如果钙水平下降，那么在甲状腺内的四个甲状旁腺释放甲状旁腺激素，导致骨骼中释放钙和磷酸盐离子。

This can be caused surgical removal or autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid gland, as well as congenital problems involving the parathyroid gland like DiGeorge syndrome, or deficiency in magnesium which is needed for parathyroid hormone production.

原因可能是手术切除了甲状旁腺，或者自身免疫性疾病对甲状旁腺的攻击，也可能是因为像DiGeorge综合征这种累及甲状旁腺的先天性疾病，或者缺少合成甲状旁腺激素必要的元素：镁。

All right, so since, again, parathyroid hormone causes excretion of phosphate and reabsorption of calcium, then another cause of hyperphosphatemia is hypoparathyroidism, when the parathyroid glands don't produce enough parathyroid hormone in the first place.

因为甲状旁腺激素会导致磷酸盐的排泄以及钙的再吸收，那引发高磷血症的另一原因就是甲状旁腺功能减退，也就是当甲状旁腺首先不能产生足够的甲状旁腺激素时。

Remember that in response to low calcium, the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone, but since calcium just gets wasted, it keeps releasing parathyroid hormone - this is called secondary hyperparathyroidism because the primary problem is with the kidneys.

记住，对于血中低钙的情况，甲状旁腺会释放甲状旁腺激素，但由于钙损失掉了，甲状旁腺会持续释放甲状旁腺激素，这被称为继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，因为是由肾脏受损引起的。