副交感神经（Parasympathetic system）是自主神经系统的一部分。由脑干和脊髓发出神经纤维到器官旁或器官内的副交感神经节，再由此发出纤维分布到平滑肌、心肌和腺体，调节内脏器官的活动。

副交感神经的节前节后神经元的神经递质均为乙酰胆碱。

副交感神经的主要功能是使瞳孔缩小、心跳减慢、皮肤和内脏血管舒张、小支气管收缩、胃肠蠕动加强、括约肌松弛、唾液和泪液分泌增多、男性生殖器的勃起等。

The parasympathetic nervous system (usually abbreviated PSNS, not PNS, to avoid confusion with the peripheral nervous system [PNS]) is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the sympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the body's unconscious actions. The parasympathetic system is responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" or "feed and breed" activities that occur when the body is at rest, especially after eating, including sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination, digestion and defecation. Its action is described as being complementary to that of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for stimulating activities associated with the fight-or-flight response.