Compounding the stress and pushing millions out of the paid labor market altogether.

压力加剧，数百万人完全退出有偿劳动力市场。

Because the northern states could not compete with southern states. Northern states paid their labor by the piece.

因为北方各州无法与南方各州竞争。 北方各州按计件支付劳动力。

They were also there to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation, basically to make sure that these slaveholders actually were paying their newfound labor.

他们还在当地执行《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，基本上是为了确保这些奴隶主确实为他们新获得的劳动力支付了薪水。

And so companies can pay labor less, keep more for themselves and their mostly wealthy shareholders.

因此，公司可以少付劳动力，为自己和大多数富有的股东保留更多劳动力。

And many older people move out of paid labor – whether it’s by choice or because it becomes more difficult to find a job as you age.

许多老年人不再从事有偿劳动——无论是出于选择还是因为随着年龄的增长找工作变得更加困难。

And so when there were no kind of, available centers of care, women, who were already doing two thirds of the caretaking work, had to supplement basically, their paid labor for unpaid labor.

因此，当没有可用的护理中心时，已经承担了三分之二护理工作的妇女基本上不得不用她们的有偿劳动来补充无偿劳动。