Ming officials smashed clever machines, banned overseas trade on pain of death and curbed movement within China itself.

明代官员捣毁巧妙的机器、禁止海外贸易且违者处死，还限制了中国国内的人口流动。

The export-oriented policy is greatly pushing forward the overseas trade of Ningxia, which imported and exported 21.4 billion yuan ($3 billion) worth of goods from January to October this year, a 57.6 percent year-on-year increase, according to official statistics.

官方统计数据显示，外向型经济政策极大地推动了宁夏的对外贸易发展。今年 1 月至 10 月，宁夏外贸进出口总值 214 亿元，同比增长 57.6%。