In a metal atom, the outermost electrons are only weakly attached to the nucleus.

在金属原子中，最外层电子与原子核连接微弱。

Since the outermost electron has the highest energy, there's the least energy necessary to remove it.

由于最外层的电子具有最高的能量， 因此移除它所需的能量最少。

Chemical reactions happen when an atom's outermost electrons do stuff, and the protons and neutrons and even the inner electron shells are usually completely unaffected.

当原子的最外层电子做事时就会发生化学反应，而质子和中子甚至内层电子壳层通常完全不受影响。

The valence electrons, these are the electrons that are going to react, which tend to be the outermost shell electrons, but there are exceptions to that.

价电子，这些是将要发生反应的电子，它们往往是最外层的电子， 但也有例外。

Just as atoms are most stable when their outermost electron orbitals are full of electrons, certain combinations of protons and neutrons make the nucleus more stable.

正如原子在最外层电子轨道充满电子时最稳定一样，质子和中子的某些组合使原子核更稳定。