穴兔（学名：Oryctolagus cuniculus）是一种原产于西南欧（西班牙和葡萄牙）的兔子。它被广泛地引进其他地方，常为当地的生物多样性带来灾难性的后果，但其种群在原产地的衰减（成因是黏液瘤病、兔杯状病毒、过度捕猎和栖地丧失）也导致极度依赖它的捕猎者，包括伊比利亚猞猁和西班牙帝雕的数量下降。

葡萄牙相关部门（ICNB）已经把穴兔列为近危物种，而西班牙当局在近年则把它重新列为易危物种。

穴兔因其能挖掘复杂的兔穴网络—它们不觅食时的栖身之所—而得名。与兔属（Lepus）不同，穴兔的幼崽是晚熟的，出生时没有毛发也不能视物，完全依赖母亲的照顾。

The European rabbit or common rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal) and northwest Africa (Morocco and Algeria). It has been widely introduced elsewhere, often with devastating effects on local biodiversity. However, its decline in its native range (caused by the diseases myxomatosis and rabbit calicivirus, as well as overhunting and habitat loss), has caused the decline of its highly dependent predators, the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle. It is known as an invasive species because it has been introduced to countries on all continents with the exception of Antarctica and sub-Saharan Africa, and caused many problems within the environment and ecosystems. Australia has the most problems with European rabbits, due to the lack of natural predators there.