参照：俄耳甫斯#俄耳甫斯与诗歌之仪礼（英语版）

俄耳甫斯教（Orphism），英文文献中更罕见使用的敬称为Orphicism，希腊语：Ὀρφικά，名称是得自于本宗教上的信仰与实践所订定得。肇始于古希腊与希腊化时代（Hellenistic）的世界， 以及由色雷斯人（Thracians），被归于是与文学作品中的神话诗人俄耳甫斯（Orpheus）有关联，他曾经降临冥府（Hades）又回到尘世。俄耳甫斯教徒（Orphics）亦尊奉冥后珀耳塞福涅（Persephone）（祂每一年一次会降临冥府一个季节，然后再返回人间。）与狄俄尼索斯（Dionysus）或巴克科斯（Bacchus）（祂也同样是降临冥府又回到人间）。俄耳甫斯据说他创作出狄俄尼索斯秘仪（Mysteries of Dionysus）。诗歌含有明显的俄耳甫斯信仰可直接追溯到西元前六世纪或至少在西元前五世纪的年代，还有西元前五世纪的素描很显然的是与“俄耳甫斯教徒”有关。

Orphism (more rarely Orphicism; Ancient Greek: Ὀρφικά) is the name given to a set of religious beliefs and practices originating in the Ancient Greek and the Hellenistic world, as well as by the Thracians, associated with literature ascribed to the mythical poet Orpheus, who descended into Hades and returned. Orphics also revered Persephone (who annually descended into Hades for a season and then returned) and Dionysus or Bacchus (who also descended into Hades and returned). Orpheus was said to have invented the Mysteries of Dionysus. Poetry containing distinctly Orphic beliefs has been traced back to the 6th century BC or at least 5th century BC, and graffiti of the 5th century BC apparently refers to "Orphics".