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单词 Organophosphorus chemistry
释义

Organophosphorus chemistry

中文百科

有机磷化学 Organophosphorus compound

(重定向自Organophosphorus chemistry)

有机磷化合物指含有碳-磷键的有机化合物,有机磷化学即是研究有机磷化合物性质和反应的有机化学分支。磷元素与氮同族,具有类似的价电子层结构,因此有机磷化合物的性质与有机含氮化合物有些相似。 但除了3s和3p轨道外,磷还可以用3d轨道成键,因此也存在很多特殊高价的有机磷化合物,它们都不存在对应的氮化合物。磷的电负性也小于氮,碱性较弱,因此形成化合物的性质也存在很多差别。

磷是生命必需元素之一,与生命体密切相关,例如普遍存在于生物体中的核酸便含有大量的磷酸酯基团。由于磷-氧键键能较高,因此核苷酸类的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)被称为“能量分子”,用于储存和传递化学能。磷酸根离子也存在于血液中。

英语百科

Organophosphorus compound 有机磷化学

(重定向自Organophosphorus chemistry)
Illustrative organophosphates and related compounds: phosphatidylcholine, triphenylphosphate, cyclophosphamide, parathion, and zinc dithiophosphate.
Illustrative examples of phosphonates and phosphinates in the order shown: Sarin (phosphinate), Glyphosate (phosphonate), fosfomycin (phosphonate), zoledronic acid (phosphonate), and Glufosinate (phosphinate).  In aqueous solution, phosphonic acids ionize to give the corresponding organophosphonates.
Illustrative phosphorus(V) compounds: the phosphonium ion P(CH2OH)4+, two resonance structures for the Wittig reagent Ph3PCH2, and pentaphenylphosphorane, a rare pentaorganophophorus compound.
Various reduced organophosphorus compounds: a complex of an organophosphine pincer ligand, the chiral diphosphine used in homogeneous catalysis, the primary phosphine PhPH2, and the phosphorus(I) compound (PPh)5.

Organophosphorus compounds are organic compounds containing phosphorus. They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Organophosphorus chemistry is the corresponding science of the properties and reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Phosphorus shares group 5 in the periodic table with nitrogen, and thus phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds have many similar properties.

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更新时间:2025/6/16 20:14:00