溶剂是一种可以溶化固体，液体或气体溶质的液体，继而成为溶液。在日常生活中最普遍的溶剂是水。而所谓有机溶剂即是包含碳原子的有机化合物溶剂。溶剂通常拥有比较低的沸点和容易挥发。或是可以由蒸馏来去除，从而留下被溶物。因此，溶剂不可以对溶质产生化学反应。它们必须为低活性的。溶剂可从混合物萃取可溶化合物，最普遍的例子是以热水冲泡咖啡或茶。溶剂通常是透明，无色的液体，他们大多都有独特的气味。

溶液的浓度取决于溶解在溶剂内的物质的多少。溶解度则是溶剂在特定温度下，可以溶解最多多少物质。 有机溶剂主要用于干洗（例如四氯乙烯），作涂料稀释剂（例如甲苯`香蕉水`松香水`松节油），作洗甲水或去除胶水（例如丙酮，醋酸甲酯，醋酸乙酯），除锈（例如己烷），作洗洁精（柠檬精），用于香水（酒精）跟用于化学合成。

A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "I loosen, untie, I solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid or a gas. The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with temperature. Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning (e.g., tetrachloroethylene), as paint thinners (e.g., toluene, turpentine), as nail polish removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), in spot removers (e.g., hexane, petrol ether), in detergents (citrus terpenes) and in perfumes (ethanol). Water is a solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within a cell. Solvents find various applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and purification processes.