山猿（Oreopithecus bambolii）是一种中新世的史前灵长目，其化石发现于意大利及东非。目前已发现了超过50只山猿的化石被发现。

山猿估计重约30-35公斤。牠的鼻端较短，鼻骨较高，脑颅细小及较圆，眶平面垂直及颜面骨纤幼。从臼齿磨擦面可见牠们是专吃树叶的。牠粗壮的面下部有连接嚼肌面，并有矢状嵴寸连接颞肌，显示牠有重型的咀嚼器。牠的牙齿与体型比较较为细小。由于在下颌骨第二门齿及第一前臼齿间没有空隙，故相信山猿的犬齿与其他牙齿大小差不多。在很多灵长目中，细小的犬齿反映了雄性之间较小就配偶竞争，并且不怎么两性异形。

Oreopithecus is an extinct hominoid primate from the Miocene epoch whose fossils have been found in today's Tuscany and Sardinia in Italy; (from the Greek ὄρος, oros and πίθηκος, pithekos, meaning "hill-ape"). It existed 9 to 7 million years ago in the Tusco-Sardinian area when this region was an isolated island in a chain of islands stretching from central Europe to northern Africa in what was becoming the Mediterranean Sea.