An atom's nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of orbiting electrons.

原子核的周围环绕着一团按轨道运行的电子群。

Although it borrowed from Rutherford's idea of a central atomic nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons, it made a significant leap.

尽管它借鉴了卢瑟福的中心原子核被轨道电子包围的想法，但它还是取得了重大飞跃。

The charges of the orbiting electrons are perfectly balanced by those of the protons in the nucleus, which get them from their constituent quarks.

轨道电子的电荷与原子核中质子的电荷完全平衡，质子从它们的组成夸克中获取它们。

But there was one major problem with the Planetary Model: it predicted that orbiting electrons would lose energy in the form of radiation, which would make them spiral inward and eventually crash into the nucleus.

但是行星模型存在一个主要问题：它预测轨道运行的电子会以辐射的形式失去能量，这会使它们向内螺旋并最终撞向原子核。