在关系数据库管理系统里，乐观并发控制（又名“乐观锁”，Optimistic Concurrency Control，缩写“OCC”）是一种并发控制的方法。它假设多用户并发的事务在处理时不会彼此互相影响，各事务能够在不产生锁的情况下处理各自影响的那部分数据。在提交数据更新之前，每个事务会先检查在该事务读取数据后，有没有其他事务又修改了该数据。如果其他事务有更新的话，正在提交的事务会进行回滚。乐观事务控制最早是由孔祥重（H.T.Kung）教授提出。

乐观并发控制多数用于数据争用不大、冲突较少的环境中，这种环境中，偶尔回滚事务的成本会低于读取数据时锁定数据的成本，因此可以获得比其他并发控制方法更高的吞吐量。

Optimistic concurrency control (OCC) is a concurrency control method applied to transactional systems such as relational database management systems and software transactional memory. OCC assumes that multiple transactions can frequently complete without interfering with each other. While running, transactions use data resources without acquiring locks on those resources. Before committing, each transaction verifies that no other transaction has modified the data it has read. If the check reveals conflicting modifications, the committing transaction rolls back and can be restarted. Optimistic concurrency control was first proposed by H.T. Kung.