This act triggered the First Opium War between the two nations.

这一行为触发了两国之间第一次鸦片战争。

Although the Opium Wars were over now, the Taiping was still causing chaos.

虽然鸦片战争已经结束，太平天国仍在造成混乱。

Assuming the conquest was complete, Britain withdrew large portions of the army in preparation for the brewing opium war in China.

英国想当然地认为对阿富汗的征服已经结束，因此撤走了军队的大部分，以准备对中国发起酝酿已久的的鸦片战争。

In 1860, the Second Opium War (1856-60) culminated in British and French troops sacking the Old Summer Palace, or Yuanmingyuan, in Beijing.

1860 年，第二次鸦片战争（1856 年至 1860 年）以英法军队洗劫北京圆明园而告终。

But while the First Opium War passed little Cixi by, she would soon find herself at the epicenter of the wave of coming conflicts.

然而，当第一次鸦片战争离慈禧而去时，她很快就发现自己处于即将到来的冲突浪潮的中心。

The treaty then forced on China was so humiliating it made even the ending to the Second Opium War looked like mere fascist play in comparison.

当时强加给中国的条约是如此具有羞辱性，以至于第二次鸦片战争的结束相比之下看起来就像纯粹的法西斯。

It is estimated that 10 million artifacts were stolen from China from the first Opium War (1840-42) to the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1931-45).

据估计，从第一次鸦片战争（1840-42 年）到抗日战争（1931-45 年），中国有 1000 万文物被盗。

The opium war of 1839 to 1842 was a major testimony to China's inability to defend itself against outside aggression.

1839年至1842年的鸦片战争是中国无力抵御外来侵略的重要证明。

First was China's humiliating defeat in the Opium Wars, after which Western nations forced China to give Europeans special trade privileges.

首先是中国在鸦片战争中惨败，此后西方国家迫使中国给予欧洲人特殊的贸易特权。

The Opium Wars were a series  of conflicts fought over the lucrative drug trade in mainland  China during the 19th century.

鸦片战争是 19 世纪中国大陆为争夺利润丰厚的毒品贸易而发生的一系列冲突。

Just the threat of American steam-powered warships was enough to convince the bakufu to sign some humiliating trade treaties that weren't unlike the ones that China had signed after losing the Opium Wars.

仅仅是美国蒸汽动力军舰的威胁就足以说服幕府签署一些屈辱的贸易条约，这些条约与中国在鸦片战争失败后签署的条约没有什么不同。

To learn more about the Opium Wars,   check out our book, The Opium Wars: A Captivating Guide to the  First and Second Opium War and Their Impact on the History  of the United Kingdom and China.

要了解有关鸦片战争的更多信息，请查看我们的书《鸦片战争：第一次和第二次鸦片战争及其对英国和中国历史的影响的迷人指南》。

Despite having greater numbers, China would  struggle against the technologically-superior British, who were determined to protect  their colonial interests. Ultimately, the Opium Wars would cement European hegemony  in Asia by opening this once-untouchable nation.

尽管人数更多， 中国仍将与技术领先的英国人作斗争，后者决心保护其殖民利益。最终，鸦片战争打开了这个曾经不可触及的国家， 从而巩固了欧洲在亚洲的霸权。