湍流（英语：turbulence），也称为紊流（中国地区的旧称），是流体的一种流动状态。当流速很小时，流体分层流动，互不混合，称为层流，或称为片流；逐渐增加流速，流体的流线开始出现波波状的摆动，摆动的频率及振幅随流速的增加而增加，此种流况称为过渡流；当流速增加到很大时，流线不再清楚可辨，流场中有许多小漩涡，称为湍流，又称为乱流（日本及港澳台用字）、扰流或紊流。

这种变化可以用雷诺数来量化。雷诺数较小时，黏滞力对流场的影响大于惯性力，流场中流速的扰动会因黏滞力而衰减，流体流动稳定，为层流；反之，若雷诺数较大时，惯性力对流场的影响大于黏滞力，流体流动较不稳定，流速的微小变化容易发展、增强，形成紊乱、不规则的湍流流场。

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in space and time.

Flow in which the kinetic energy dies out due to the action of fluid molecular viscosity is called laminar flow. While there is no theorem relating the non-dimensional Reynolds number (Re) to turbulence, flows at Reynolds numbers larger than 5000 are typically (but not necessarily) turbulent, while those at low Reynolds numbers usually remain laminar. In Poiseuille flow, for example, turbulence can first be sustained if the Reynolds number is larger than a critical value of about 2040; moreover, the turbulence is generally interspersed with laminar flow until a larger Reynolds number of about 4000.