运筹学（Operations Research，又被称作作业研究），是一门应用数学学科，利用统计学和数学模型等方法，去寻找复杂问题中的最佳或近似最佳的解答。运筹学经常用于解决现实生活中的复杂问题，特别是改善或优化现有系统的效率。 研究运筹学的基础知识包括矩阵论和离散数学，在应用方面多与仓储、物流等领域相关。因此运筹学与应用数学、工业工程专业密切相关。 运筹学是一门研究怎幺样处理事情更有效的学科，比如机械动作合理安排，计算机的多线程，高层建筑材料的合理分配，不同动植物的共同养殖等都是当今社会经济发展的热点。

Operations research, or operational research in British usage, is a discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. Further, the term 'operational analysis' is used in the British (and some British Commonwealth) military, as an intrinsic part of capability development, management and assurance. In particular, operational analysis forms part of the Combined Operational Effectiveness and Investment Appraisals (COEIA), which support British defence capability acquisition decision-making.